[1]. Allāh is God’s most unique Name. It is the Almighty’s Supreme Name. Allāh is linguistically unique in that it is originally a proper and underived noun belonging only to the one Almighty God, Creator and Sustainer of the heavens and the earth and all that is within them, the Eternal and Absolute, to whom alone all worship is due. Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and Muhammad, among others, all called God by this Grand Name, Allāh, .
[2]. Reciting this chapter — Al-Fātiḥah (“The Opening”) — is an essential part of every Muslim prayer. It must be recited in every unit (rakʿah) of prayer, by both the one leading prayer and those following, for the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ said: “There is no prayer for the one who does not recite the Opening of the Book."
[3]. There is no proper equivalent for Rabb in English language. "Rabb" [translated here as "Lord"] includes all of the following meanings: "creator, sustainer, provider, maintainer, owner, master, ruler, controller, and guardian.
[4]. I.e. the heavens, the earth and all that is within them and all that is between them.
[5]. The Prophet Muhammad [ﷺ] said: “Allāh has one hundred mercies. He sent down one of them on humans, jinn, animals and venomous creatures. Through it they show mercy to each other, and through it wild beasts show mercy to their young. Allāh has reserved ninety-nine mercies with which He bestows mercy on his servants on the Day of Judgement”.
[8]. Of the Prophets [such as Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and Muhammad, among others, peace be upon them all], the affirmers of Truth, the martyrs, Allah's witnesses, and the righteous.
[9]. Who are deviants, obstinate, or hypocritical. Often understood as those who knew the truth but rejected or opposed it.
[10]. Who are ignorant of the Truth and worship God following only their whims and wishful thinking and wander off into myths and false beliefs. Often understood as those who missed the truth, straying from guidance out of ignorance or misguidance.