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Al-Anfāl

អាយ៉ាត់: 1

يَسۡـَٔلُونَكَ عَنِ ٱلۡأَنفَالِۖ قُلِ ٱلۡأَنفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَٱلرَّسُولِۖ فَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَأَصۡلِحُواْ ذَاتَ بَيۡنِكُمۡۖ وَأَطِيعُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥٓ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤۡمِنِينَ

(1) They ask you ˹Muhammad˺ about the spoils^[1872], say: “The spoils are for Allah and the Messenger^[1873]. So be ˹truly˺ Mindful of Allah, mend your bond ˹of brotherhood˺^[1874] and obey Allah and His Messenger, if only you are ˹truly˺ Believers”^[1875].

[1872] The Companions of the Prophet (ﷺ) came to him to ask him about how the gains of their victory were to be distributed among them; they had disputed over this and were keen on knowing the answer: ʿAbdullāh Ibn ʿAbbās (رضي الله عنهما) said: “On the Day of Badr, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Whoever does this and that, then his is this and that of the loot. Then the younger ones marched forward ˹towards the enemy˺ and the older ones remained in their place holding the banners. When Allah gave them victory ˹at the end of the battle˺, the elders said: “We were backing you! Had you retreated you would have sought us out! You shall not get all the gains and leave us with nothing!” The youths refused and said: “The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) allotted it all for us!” Then Allah sent down: “They ask you about the spoils, say: “The spoils are for Allah and the Messenger. So be ˹truly˺ Mindful of Allah, mend your bond ˹of brotherhood˺ and obey Allah and His Messenger, if only you are ˹truly˺ Believers. *Indeed the ˹true˺ Believers are the ones who when Allah is mentioned their hearts tremble with awe, when His Signs are recited for them their Faith increases and they ˹devoutly˺ put their trust in their Lord; *the ones who keep up the Prayer and ˹charitably˺ spend out from what We provided them with. *These are truly the Believers; they have ˹elevated˺ grades with their Lord, forgiveness and generous provision” (Abū Dāwūd: 2737, al-Nasā’ī, al-Sunan al-Kubrā: 11133. Ibn Ḥibbān, al-Ṣaḥīḥ: 5093); Muṣʿab Ibn Saʿd Ibn Abī Waqqāṣ (رضي الله عنه) narrated that his father said: “Apropos of me four ayas came down. I acquired a sword ˹among the Badr booty˺. ˹Muṣʿab continues˺ He ˹my father˺ took it to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and said: “Messenger of Allah, grant it to me!” He replied: “Put it back!” When he stood, the Messenger said to him: “Put it back where you took it from!” Then he said: “Give it to me, Messenger of Allah”. He replied: “Put it back!” He then said: “Messenger of Allah, grant it to me! Shall I be treated like one who has no share ˹in the booty˺?” The Messenger said to him: “Put it back where you took it from!” Then this aya came down: “The spoils are for Allah and the Messenger. So be ˹truly˺ Mindful of Allah, mend your bond ˹of brotherhood˺ and obey Allah and His Messenger, if only you are ˹truly˺ Believers”” (Muslim: 1748).
It is important to note that their question, being in such earnest and born out of eagerness, was not answered until Aya 41 below. All the ayas in between are meant to further nurture their collective Believing spirit and elevate it.
[1873] That is, the matter is left to Allah to decide, and the Messenger (ﷺ) who would make the division. So Believers are told to accede to their resolution (cf. al-Ṭabarī, al-Wāḥidī, al-Wajīz, al-Saʿdī).
It is telling to note that, throughout this sura the Messenger (ﷺ) is every so often joined with God Almighty (سبحانه وتعالى) using the conjunctive ‘and’, and sometimes he is closely affiliated to God using the possessive pronoun ‘His’. This is to remind the Believers to accede to his bidding which is God’s will. This is especially pertinent given the Believers were naturally drawn to the spoils.
[1874] Aṣliḥū dhāta baynikum (lit. mend the affairs that are among you; cf. al-Iṣfahānī, al-Mufradāt, al-Kafawī, al-Kulliyāt) means to settle disputes, set matters aright and leave the issue of the division of the spoils to God and the Messenger (ﷺ) (cf. al-Samʿānī, al-Baiḍāwī).
[1875] Since they would find qualms in this broad resolution, they are reminded of what true Believers would ideally be like (cf. Ibn ʿĀshūr). Al-Wāḥidī (al-Wasīṭ) sees that this is to obligate the Companions to obey the Messenger in his distribution.