وه‌رگێڕانی ماناكانی قورئانی پیرۆز - وەرگێڕاوی ئینگلیزی - د. ولید بلیهش العمري * - پێڕستی وه‌رگێڕاوه‌كان
وه‌رگێڕانی ماناكان
ئایه‌تی: (36) سوره‌تی: سورەتی التوبة
إِنَّ عِدَّةَ ٱلشُّهُورِ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ ٱثۡنَا عَشَرَ شَهۡرٗا فِي كِتَٰبِ ٱللَّهِ يَوۡمَ خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ مِنۡهَآ أَرۡبَعَةٌ حُرُمٞۚ ذَٰلِكَ ٱلدِّينُ ٱلۡقَيِّمُۚ فَلَا تَظۡلِمُواْ فِيهِنَّ أَنفُسَكُمۡۚ وَقَٰتِلُواْ ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ كَآفَّةٗ كَمَا يُقَٰتِلُونَكُمۡ كَآفَّةٗۚ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ مَعَ ٱلۡمُتَّقِينَ
(36) [2082]Verily the number of months with Allah is twelve months – ˹so ordained˺ in the Book of Allah[2083] ˹from the time˺ when He created the Heavens and Earth[2084] – four of which are sacrosanct[2085]. That is the upright religion; so do not wrong yourselves during them[2086]. [2087]Fight the Associators as a whole as they fight you as a whole and know that Allah is with the Mindful.
[2082] As much as the People of the Book, the pagan Arabs also sabotaged some of God’s laws to their advantage. For this they deserved a much stronger condemnation (cf. Abū Ḥayyān).
[2083] Most exegetes agree that the Book of Allah mentioned here is the Preserved Tablet (al-Lawḥ al-Maḥfūẓ) (cf. al-Wāḥidī, al-Basīṭ).
[2084] Ibn Rajab (Laṭā’if al-Maʿārif, p. 112, cf. also al-Saʿdī) explains this: “˹Allah Almighty˺ Glorified be He says that since He created the Heavens and Earth…and created all that is in the sky… He made the sun and the moon swim in their ˹respective˺ orbits. The darkness of night and whiteness of day are a result of that. Ever since then He made the year 12 months long, according to the crescent. The year in the ˹Divine˺ law is counted after the moon’s movement and its emergence”: “He it is Who made the sun a radiance, and the moon a light, and determined for it stations, that you might know the number of years and the reckoning ˹of time˺. God did not create these, save in Truth. He expounds the Signs for a people who know” (10: 5).
[2085] al-Ashhur al-Ḥurum, lit. the sacrosanct, inviolable months, in which it was agreed that no fighting, or aggression, was permissible: namely, Rajab, Dhū al-Qiʿdah, Dhū al-Ḥijjah, al-Muḥarram (cf. al-Ṭabarī, al-Wāḥidī, al-Basīṭ, al-Qurṭubī). They were deemed so by God for Abraham (عليه السلام) to make pilgrimage possible and for the benefit of people (cf. Ibn ʿĀshūr): “Allah made the Kaʿbah, the Sanctified House, a bastion ˹of well-being˺; as well as the sacrosanct month, gifted offerings, garlanded sacrifices ˹are instituted for good cause˺…” (5: 97).
[2086] By violating them and committing misdeeds (cf. al-Ṭabarī, al-Wāḥidī, al-Basīṭ, Ibn Kathīr, Tafsīr al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah): “You who Believe, do not pronounce lawful ˹violation of the sanctity of:˺ Allah’s Symbols, the sacrosanct month…” (5: 2).
[2087] God gives Believers permission to fight back should the Associators initiate aggression during these months by way of taking advantage of the loophole they, themselves, created in the law (cf. al-Biqāʿī, Naẓm al-Durar, Ibn ʿĀshūr): “The sacrosanct month is by way of ˹replacement for˺ the sacrosanct month; ˹violation of˺ what is prohibited is repayable. Whoever transgresses against you, transgress against them as much as they did and be Mindful of Allah and know that Allah is with the Mindful” (2: 194).
[2083] Most exegetes agree that the Book of Allah mentioned here is the Preserved Tablet (al-Lawḥ al-Maḥfūẓ) (cf. al-Wāḥidī, al-Basīṭ).
[2084] Ibn Rajab (Laṭā’if al-Maʿārif, p. 112, cf. also al-Saʿdī) explains this: “˹Allah Almighty˺ Glorified be He says that since He created the Heavens and Earth…and created all that is in the sky… He made the sun and the moon swim in their ˹respective˺ orbits. The darkness of night and whiteness of day are a result of that. Ever since then He made the year 12 months long, according to the crescent. The year in the ˹Divine˺ law is counted after the moon’s movement and its emergence”: “He it is Who made the sun a radiance, and the moon a light, and determined for it stations, that you might know the number of years and the reckoning ˹of time˺. God did not create these, save in Truth. He expounds the Signs for a people who know” (10: 5).
[2085] al-Ashhur al-Ḥurum, lit. the sacrosanct, inviolable months, in which it was agreed that no fighting, or aggression, was permissible: namely, Rajab, Dhū al-Qiʿdah, Dhū al-Ḥijjah, al-Muḥarram (cf. al-Ṭabarī, al-Wāḥidī, al-Basīṭ, al-Qurṭubī). They were deemed so by God for Abraham (عليه السلام) to make pilgrimage possible and for the benefit of people (cf. Ibn ʿĀshūr): “Allah made the Kaʿbah, the Sanctified House, a bastion ˹of well-being˺; as well as the sacrosanct month, gifted offerings, garlanded sacrifices ˹are instituted for good cause˺…” (5: 97).
[2086] By violating them and committing misdeeds (cf. al-Ṭabarī, al-Wāḥidī, al-Basīṭ, Ibn Kathīr, Tafsīr al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah): “You who Believe, do not pronounce lawful ˹violation of the sanctity of:˺ Allah’s Symbols, the sacrosanct month…” (5: 2).
[2087] God gives Believers permission to fight back should the Associators initiate aggression during these months by way of taking advantage of the loophole they, themselves, created in the law (cf. al-Biqāʿī, Naẓm al-Durar, Ibn ʿĀshūr): “The sacrosanct month is by way of ˹replacement for˺ the sacrosanct month; ˹violation of˺ what is prohibited is repayable. Whoever transgresses against you, transgress against them as much as they did and be Mindful of Allah and know that Allah is with the Mindful” (2: 194).
تەفسیرە عەرەبیەکان:
وه‌رگێڕانی ماناكان
ئایه‌تی: (36) سوره‌تی: سورەتی التوبة
وه‌رگێڕانی ماناكانی قورئانی پیرۆز - وەرگێڕاوی ئینگلیزی - د. ولید بلیهش العمري - پێڕستی وه‌رگێڕاوه‌كان
وەرگێڕاوی ماناکانی قورئانی پیرۆز بۆ زمانی ئینگلیزی - کارکردن لەسەری بەردەوامە، وەرگێڕان: د. وەلید بلهیش ئەلعومەری.