Tradução dos significados Versículo 11 Surah Suratu Ar-Raad - Tradução para o inglês - Dr. Waleed Bleyhesh Omary - Enciclopédia do Nobre Qur’an

Versículo: 11

لَهُۥ مُعَقِّبَٰتٞ مِّنۢ بَيۡنِ يَدَيۡهِ وَمِنۡ خَلۡفِهِۦ يَحۡفَظُونَهُۥ مِنۡ أَمۡرِ ٱللَّهِۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُغَيِّرُ مَا بِقَوۡمٍ حَتَّىٰ يُغَيِّرُواْ مَا بِأَنفُسِهِمۡۗ وَإِذَآ أَرَادَ ٱللَّهُ بِقَوۡمٖ سُوٓءٗا فَلَا مَرَدَّ لَهُۥۚ وَمَا لَهُم مِّن دُونِهِۦ مِن وَالٍ

(11) For him^[2876] are alternating ˹angels˺ from his front and his back^[2877], guarding^[2878] him by Allah’s Command^[2879]; Allah alters not what a people are in unless they alter what is in themselves^[2880]. Should Allah will evil for a people then there is no warding it off—theirs is no ally besides Him^[2881].

[2876] That is, the human, thus referring to the state in which he is depicted in the previous aya, i.e. being secretive or open about his thoughts (cf. al-Ṭabarī, al-Zajjāj, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī).
[2877] These are the angels tasked with each human; they alternate and take day and night shifts (cf. al-Ṭabarī, al-Tafsīr al-Muyassar, al-Tafsīr al-Mukhtaṣar). Min bayni yadayhi wa min khalfihi (lit. from between his hands and from his behind) could mean either from these two sides exclusively (cf. al-Ṭabarī) or from all sides with the front and back implying the other sides (cf. al-Shawkānī, Ibn ʿĀshūr).
Ibn Kathīr gives some details and further explains that each person has angels who keep alternating day and night shifts over him. There are four in each shift: one from the front and another from the back protecting him from evil, and one from the right keeping record of his good deeds and another on the left side recording his misdeeds: “When the two receivers ˹i.e. angels˺ receive, seated on the right and on the left” (50: 17).
[2878] Yaḥfaẓūnahu could mean either to guard and protect, i.e. what are referred to here are the guardian angels which is the more generally agreed meaning (cf. al-Wāḥidī, al-Wasīṭ); and/or to keep record of a person’s deeds (cf. Ibn ʿAṭiyyah, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī).
[2879] But when it is time for this cover of protection to be lifted, these guardian angels will no longer intervene (cf. Ibn Abī Zamanīn, al-Wāḥidī, al-Wajīz, al-Baghawī).
[2880] As long as people are aware of God’s Grace on them and are dutifully thankful to Him, God Almighty will not show them other than mercy, and vice versa (cf. al-Ṭabarī, al-Saʿdī, al-Shinqīṭī, Aḍwā’ al-Bayān): “That for Allah would never alter a favour He bestows on a ˹certain˺ people until they alter what is in themselves—verily Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing. *˹Just˺ like the habitual ways of the people of Pharaoh and those ˹who came˺ before them; they rejected the Signs of their Lord and We destroyed them for their sins and We drowned the people of Pharaoh; they all were unjust” (8: 53-54).
[2881] All what has been said in this passage, amounts to a warning to the Qurayshites, who rebuffed the Message and treated it with nothing but ridicule, that the great bounty that God shows them (cf. Sura 106) is not an earned right but is given only out of God Almighty’s boundless Mercy to His servants. They have to do their best to earn it, i.e. Believe in the Message (cf. Ibn ʿĀshūr). But, if they persist in Denial, then let them not be fooled by the respite they are given, for Allah’s Command can come at any minute.