Ibisobanuro by'amagambo Isura Annisau - Ibisobanuro bya Qur'an mu rurimi rw'icyongereza - Dr Waleed Bleyhesh Omary - Biracyasobanurwa. - numero y'urupapuro 100 - ububiko bwa qor'an yejejwe

Umurongo: 135

۞ يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ كُونُواْ قَوَّٰمِينَ بِٱلۡقِسۡطِ شُهَدَآءَ لِلَّهِ وَلَوۡ عَلَىٰٓ أَنفُسِكُمۡ أَوِ ٱلۡوَٰلِدَيۡنِ وَٱلۡأَقۡرَبِينَۚ إِن يَكُنۡ غَنِيًّا أَوۡ فَقِيرٗا فَٱللَّهُ أَوۡلَىٰ بِهِمَاۖ فَلَا تَتَّبِعُواْ ٱلۡهَوَىٰٓ أَن تَعۡدِلُواْۚ وَإِن تَلۡوُۥٓاْ أَوۡ تُعۡرِضُواْ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ خَبِيرٗا

(135) ^[1021]You who Believe, be ˹staunch˺ upholders of absolute justice; witnesses for ˹the sake of ˺ Allah^[1022] even against yourselves or your parents and relatives. Whether he is rich or poor, Allah has more of a right to them both^[1023]. Then follow not your ˹whims and˺ desires not to act justly^[1024]. But should you twist ˹your tongues˺^[1025] or abstain ˹from testifying˺, then indeed Allah is fully aware of what you do.

[1021] Here, the theme of upholding justice absolutely, no matter what the odds might be, is reiterated. This reinforces the main principles on which the Believing community is built: justice to all which is akin to Mindfulness (underlined in the previous group of Ayas 131-134).
[1022] Giving testimony should only be meant to please God alone; not to show off or brag. (al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī)
[1023] When testifying, the rich should not be favoured for his wealth nor the poor in consideration of his condition. A Believer needs only to give his upright testimony and leave the rest to God, the Creator and Dispenser of affairs. He knows best. (al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī)
[1024] “You who Believe, stand firm for Allah and uphold just testimony. Do not let ˹your˺ enmity for ˹some other˺ people lead you to injustice. Be just! That is closer to Mindfulness. And be Mindful of Allah. Surely Allah is well aware of what you do.” (5: 8)
[1025] Distorting facts while testifying. (al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī)

Umurongo: 136

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ ءَامِنُواْ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ وَٱلۡكِتَٰبِ ٱلَّذِي نَزَّلَ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ وَٱلۡكِتَٰبِ ٱلَّذِيٓ أَنزَلَ مِن قَبۡلُۚ وَمَن يَكۡفُرۡ بِٱللَّهِ وَمَلَٰٓئِكَتِهِۦ وَكُتُبِهِۦ وَرُسُلِهِۦ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِ فَقَدۡ ضَلَّ ضَلَٰلَۢا بَعِيدًا

(136) ^[1026]You who Believe, Believe ˹unwaveringly˺ in Allah, His Messenger, the Book that He sent down ˹piecemeal˺ to His Messenger^[1027], and the Book^[1028] He sent down ˹in full˺ before. Whoever Denies Allah, His angels, His Books, His Messengers and the Last Day, then he has indeed strayed far away ˹from the right path˺.

[1026] The most significant testimony is the one held towards God, i.e., the declaration of Faith. The uprightness of all other testimonies springs from this fountainhead of true, unshakeable Belief (al-Rāzī, al-Biqāʿī, Naẓm al-Durar, Ibn ʿĀshūr).
[1027] The Qur’an. (al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī)
[1028] Kitāb (sing.) here is a generic noun which entails all the Holy Scriptures that were revealed by God prior to the Qur’an. (al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī)

Umurongo: 137

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ ثُمَّ كَفَرُواْ ثُمَّ ءَامَنُواْ ثُمَّ كَفَرُواْ ثُمَّ ٱزۡدَادُواْ كُفۡرٗا لَّمۡ يَكُنِ ٱللَّهُ لِيَغۡفِرَ لَهُمۡ وَلَا لِيَهۡدِيَهُمۡ سَبِيلَۢا

(137) Those who Believed then Denied, then Believed then Denied, then ˹further˺ increased in Denial, Allah will never forgive them, nor guide their way^[1029].

[1029] God will not overlook or forgive their misdeeds because of their ardent Denial, which represents the most insurmountable block to His Godly leniency. Denial in itself is a punishment which will not be lifted until the doomed meets his death without being given the chance to repent (cf. al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī). They willingly chose the path of loss, so God left them to it (cf. 4:115 above).

Umurongo: 138

بَشِّرِ ٱلۡمُنَٰفِقِينَ بِأَنَّ لَهُمۡ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا

(138) ^[1030]Give the hypocrites the tidings that theirs is a painful Punishment;

[1030] In what follows (Ayas 138-147) the hypocrites are further exposed for what they are. They are told to make a final stand and align themselves unequivocally with the Believing community.

Umurongo: 139

ٱلَّذِينَ يَتَّخِذُونَ ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ أَوۡلِيَآءَ مِن دُونِ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَۚ أَيَبۡتَغُونَ عِندَهُمُ ٱلۡعِزَّةَ فَإِنَّ ٱلۡعِزَّةَ لِلَّهِ جَمِيعٗا

(139) these who take the Deniers as allies rather than the Believers^[1031]. Do they seek honour^[1032] with them? Then to Allah belongs all honour^[1033].

[1031] Cf. note on Aya 2: 28.
[1032] al-ʿIzzah is a state of being shielded against defeat and standing aloof from humiliation. (Ibn Fāris, Maqāyīs al-Lughah; al-Iṣfahānī, al-Mufradāt)
[1033] Dignity and honour can only be found with God, the All-Powerful, Supreme Ruler over all His creation. “Whoever desires honour, then all honour is Allah’s own” (35: 10); “They ˹the hypocrites˺ say: “When we return back to Madinah, the more honoured shall evict the more humiliated from it!” ˹In fact˺ To Allah ˹truly˺ belongs honour, and to His Messenger and to the Believers, but the hypocrites know not.” (63: 8)

Umurongo: 140

وَقَدۡ نَزَّلَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ فِي ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ أَنۡ إِذَا سَمِعۡتُمۡ ءَايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ يُكۡفَرُ بِهَا وَيُسۡتَهۡزَأُ بِهَا فَلَا تَقۡعُدُواْ مَعَهُمۡ حَتَّىٰ يَخُوضُواْ فِي حَدِيثٍ غَيۡرِهِۦٓ إِنَّكُمۡ إِذٗا مِّثۡلُهُمۡۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ جَامِعُ ٱلۡمُنَٰفِقِينَ وَٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ فِي جَهَنَّمَ جَمِيعًا

(140) He sent down ˹in˺ the Book^[1034] to you that should you hear the Signs of Allah being Denied or ridiculed ˹by some˺, then remain not with them unless they engage in a conversation other than that. ˹If you still stay with them˺ Then you are ˹just˺ like them—indeed Allah will gather the hypocrites and the Deniers in Hellfire altogether.

[1034] The Qur’an; as in Aya 6: 68: “And when you see those who engage in vain discussion about Our Signs, turn away from them till they engage in other discourse. If Satan should cause you to forget, then once you have remembered, sit not in the company of wrongdoers”. (Ibn ʿUthaymīn)