భావార్ధాల అనువాదం వచనం 282 సూరహ్ సూరహ్ అల్-బఖరహ్ - ఇంగ్లీషు అనువాదం - డా. వలీద్ బలీహష్ అల్ అమ్రి - పవిత్ర ఖుర్ఆన్ యొక్క ఎన్సైక్లోపీడియా

వచనం: 282

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِذَا تَدَايَنتُم بِدَيۡنٍ إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلٖ مُّسَمّٗى فَٱكۡتُبُوهُۚ وَلۡيَكۡتُب بَّيۡنَكُمۡ كَاتِبُۢ بِٱلۡعَدۡلِۚ وَلَا يَأۡبَ كَاتِبٌ أَن يَكۡتُبَ كَمَا عَلَّمَهُ ٱللَّهُۚ فَلۡيَكۡتُبۡ وَلۡيُمۡلِلِ ٱلَّذِي عَلَيۡهِ ٱلۡحَقُّ وَلۡيَتَّقِ ٱللَّهَ رَبَّهُۥ وَلَا يَبۡخَسۡ مِنۡهُ شَيۡـٔٗاۚ فَإِن كَانَ ٱلَّذِي عَلَيۡهِ ٱلۡحَقُّ سَفِيهًا أَوۡ ضَعِيفًا أَوۡ لَا يَسۡتَطِيعُ أَن يُمِلَّ هُوَ فَلۡيُمۡلِلۡ وَلِيُّهُۥ بِٱلۡعَدۡلِۚ وَٱسۡتَشۡهِدُواْ شَهِيدَيۡنِ مِن رِّجَالِكُمۡۖ فَإِن لَّمۡ يَكُونَا رَجُلَيۡنِ فَرَجُلٞ وَٱمۡرَأَتَانِ مِمَّن تَرۡضَوۡنَ مِنَ ٱلشُّهَدَآءِ أَن تَضِلَّ إِحۡدَىٰهُمَا فَتُذَكِّرَ إِحۡدَىٰهُمَا ٱلۡأُخۡرَىٰۚ وَلَا يَأۡبَ ٱلشُّهَدَآءُ إِذَا مَا دُعُواْۚ وَلَا تَسۡـَٔمُوٓاْ أَن تَكۡتُبُوهُ صَغِيرًا أَوۡ كَبِيرًا إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلِهِۦۚ ذَٰلِكُمۡ أَقۡسَطُ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ وَأَقۡوَمُ لِلشَّهَٰدَةِ وَأَدۡنَىٰٓ أَلَّا تَرۡتَابُوٓاْ إِلَّآ أَن تَكُونَ تِجَٰرَةً حَاضِرَةٗ تُدِيرُونَهَا بَيۡنَكُمۡ فَلَيۡسَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ جُنَاحٌ أَلَّا تَكۡتُبُوهَاۗ وَأَشۡهِدُوٓاْ إِذَا تَبَايَعۡتُمۡۚ وَلَا يُضَآرَّ كَاتِبٞ وَلَا شَهِيدٞۚ وَإِن تَفۡعَلُواْ فَإِنَّهُۥ فُسُوقُۢ بِكُمۡۗ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَۖ وَيُعَلِّمُكُمُ ٱللَّهُۗ وَٱللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيۡءٍ عَلِيمٞ

(282) ^[501]You who Believe, when you enter into a debt ˹agreement˺ for a specified term, then write it down; and let a scribe, write it down between you even-handedly. Let no scribe refuse writing as Allah has taught him^[502]; let him write and let the one who owes the right^[503] dictate; and let him be Mindful of Allah, his Lord, and not hold in any of it^[504]. But if the one who owes the right is incompetent^[505], weak^[506], or cannot dictate^[507], then let his agent^[508] dictate fairly. Call in to witness ˹the agreement˺ two of your men-folk; but if not two men then ˹be it˺ one man and two women whom you approve of as witnesses; perchance one of them ˹women˺ slips up, the other would remind her. Let no witnesses refuse when asked ˹to bear witness˺. Do not be weary of writing it^[509] down, be it small or large, marking its specified term. This^[510] is fairer before Allah, surer for upholding testimony^[511], and more likely to eliminate doubtfulness; unless that it is an immediate trade ˹transaction˺ that you run among yourselves; then you will not be guilty of sin that you do not write it down, yet bring in those who bear witness when you engage in trade; let no harm come to ˹or be caused by˺ either scribe or witness, should you do this, then this is transgression on your part; be Mindful of Allah; Allah teaches you—Allah is All-Knowing of everything.

[501] This is known as āyat ad-Dayn, the aya of Debt, and it is the longest aya in the Qur’an. It rounds off and explains, just in as much detail, the preceding discourse about financial dealings: charity – encouraging Believers to be ever-ready to help the needy and come to their aid; usury – warning them against exploiting people’s weaknesses; and now debt – ensuring that it is minutely written down and sealed off (cf. Ibn ʿĀshūr).
[502] Being learned is a great favour from God.
[503] The debtor, to underline his full awareness and commitment to settle the debt. (al-Saʿdī)
[504] That is not confessing the whole sum of the debt.
[505] The great student of Ibn ʿAbbās (رضي الله عنهما), Mujāhid (quoted in al-Ṭabarī), is of the opinion that al-safīh here is one who is not informed enough to know how to dictate such a legal deed in the correct manner.
[506] Young or frail. (al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī)
[507] Unable to articulate because of a temporal or permanent impairment. (al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī)
[508] The one in charge of his affairs. (al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī)
[509] The agreement.
[510] Writing debts down.
[511] That you should not doubt the truthfulness of a testimony. (al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī)