وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤۡمِنٍ أَن يَقۡتُلَ مُؤۡمِنًا إِلَّا خَطَـٔٗاۚ وَمَن قَتَلَ مُؤۡمِنًا خَطَـٔٗا فَتَحۡرِيرُ رَقَبَةٖ مُّؤۡمِنَةٖ وَدِيَةٞ مُّسَلَّمَةٌ إِلَىٰٓ أَهۡلِهِۦٓ إِلَّآ أَن يَصَّدَّقُواْۚ فَإِن كَانَ مِن قَوۡمٍ عَدُوّٖ لَّكُمۡ وَهُوَ مُؤۡمِنٞ فَتَحۡرِيرُ رَقَبَةٖ مُّؤۡمِنَةٖۖ وَإِن كَانَ مِن قَوۡمِۭ بَيۡنَكُمۡ وَبَيۡنَهُم مِّيثَٰقٞ فَدِيَةٞ مُّسَلَّمَةٌ إِلَىٰٓ أَهۡلِهِۦ وَتَحۡرِيرُ رَقَبَةٖ مُّؤۡمِنَةٖۖ فَمَن لَّمۡ يَجِدۡ فَصِيَامُ شَهۡرَيۡنِ مُتَتَابِعَيۡنِ تَوۡبَةٗ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِۗ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمٗا
(92) [945]A Believer may never kill a ˹fellow˺ Believer, except by mistake[946]. Whoever kills a Believer by mistake, then ˹the onus on him is˺ manumitting a Believing slave and handing over blood money to his family, unless they forgo it as an act of charity. If he ˹the deceased˺ belongs to a people who are your enemies[947] – yet he was a Believer – then ˹the onus on the killer is˺ manumitting a Believing slave. But if he belongs to a people with whom you have a ˹peace˺ pact, then ˹the onus on him is˺ handing over blood money to his fellows and manumitting a Believing slave. Whoever cannot find ˹a means to manumitting a Believing slave˺[948] then ˹the onus on him is˺ fasting two consecutive months, as a penance from Allah—verily Allah is All-Knowing, Most Wise.
[945] Whereas the previous ayas deal with scenarios in which killing those who only pretend to be Faithful is allowed and under what circumstances, Ayas 92-94 turn to set the boundaries for killing a Believer, inadvertently or otherwise. Since He (سبحانه وتعالى) prescribed fighting for the Believing community, God spells out the protocols of engaging in fights that could lead to loss of life; what is allowed, under what conditions and what is not (cf. Ibn ʿĀshūr, Riḍā).
[946] Inadvertent manslaughter.
[947] Kuffār ḥarbiyyah, i.e. warring, hostile Deniers. They are not to be given blood money because the deceased in actuality belongs more to the Believing community than to these, and lest they use the money as a resource for fighting Believers. However, in honour of the pledge, and knowing that the money would not be used against Believers, if the person killed is from a side with which Believers have a peace treaty (muʿāhadūn), they are to be given the blood money as will be said shortly (cf. al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī).
[948] This covers a situation when the killer cannot find a Believing slave or raise the necessary funds to free one. He is to fast every day of these two months without a break; this is a punishment for not being cautious enough (cf. al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī).
[946] Inadvertent manslaughter.
[947] Kuffār ḥarbiyyah, i.e. warring, hostile Deniers. They are not to be given blood money because the deceased in actuality belongs more to the Believing community than to these, and lest they use the money as a resource for fighting Believers. However, in honour of the pledge, and knowing that the money would not be used against Believers, if the person killed is from a side with which Believers have a peace treaty (muʿāhadūn), they are to be given the blood money as will be said shortly (cf. al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī).
[948] This covers a situation when the killer cannot find a Believing slave or raise the necessary funds to free one. He is to fast every day of these two months without a break; this is a punishment for not being cautious enough (cf. al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī).
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節: (92) 章: 婦人章
クルアーンの対訳 - 英語対訳 - Dr. Waleed Bleyhesh Omary - 対訳の目次
クルアーン・英語対訳 （4ジュズ）- Dr. Waleed Bleyhesh Omary