[3]. I.e., sometimes towards the east or north, and sometimes towards the south or west, sometimes bringing glad tidings of rain etc., and sometimes bringing torment.
[4]. of sun, moon, stars, etc.
[5]. of seas, rivers, trees, mountains, etc.
[6]. All this is for your benefit, so that the grace that is reaching more and more people may cause thanksgiving to overflow to the glory of Allāh.
[7]. in Allāh and His messenger Muhammad.
[8]. Never avenge yourselves unless it is for the sake of Allāh and against violation of His Commands. If it is against yourself, it is better to leave it to Allāh and never avenge yourself. Let no one deceive you with vain words to revert you back into non-Muslim manners, for because of the sins the Wrath of Allāh comes upon the sinners.
[9]. To guide people and judge among them.
[10]. By sending them many prophets from among the descendants of Abraham.
[11]. The real nature and meaning of life and death, and the life to come.
[12]. I.e., abondon you in the Hellfire.