[12]. Urine or stool or wind from anus.
[13]. I.e., had sexual intercourse with your wives.
[14]. This is the act of tayammum - dry ablution. Remember the great virtue of Wudhu in Islam: The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said: "No one preserves Wudhu except a believer.”
And he ﷺ also said:
“When a Muslim performs Wudhu and washes his face, every sin he looked at leaves with the water... When he washes his hands, every sin his hands committed leaves with the water... When he washes his feet, every sin his feet walked toward leaves with the water—until he emerges purified from sins.”
[15]. This verse serves as a powerful reminder to the believers of their binding covenant with Allāh — a covenant that includes honoring and upholding His divinely ordained laws. It stands at the very heart of the believing community, shaping their faith, conduct, and unity.
[16]. That is to be ardent upholders of Allah’s rights, not seeking fame or worldly gain.