1. O Prophet (and believers), be firm and steadfast on righteousness¹ and do not yield to the deniers and the hypocrites. Indeed, Allāh is All-Knowing, All-Wise.
1. Remain steadfast in faith, immovable, always adhering to the worship of Allāh, knowing that your toil is not in vain.
4. Allāh has not placed for any man two hearts in his interior. Nor has He made your wives whom you declare unlawful² your mothers³, nor has He made your adopted sons your (true) sons⁴. These are only words by your mouths. But Allāh speaks the Truth, and He guides to the (right) Way.
2. By the expression "You are to me like the back of my mother." Such an oath taken against approaching one's wife was a pagandom practice declared by Allāh to be a sin requiring expiation as described in chapter 58:3-4.
3. This type of divorce is called zihār: a common practice in Arabia before the Prophet (ﷺ). If someone declared his wife as unlawful for him as the back of his mother is unlawful for him, his wife would be divorced. Islam abolished this kind of divorce.
4. Adoption of a child or an orphan is not permissible by ascribing the child to other than their real parents. Whereas, it is permissible for one to sponsor a child or host them in their home and care for them as they care for their own children, except for legal matters. The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said, "I and the Muslim who looks after an orphan and provides for him, will be in Paradise like this," putting his index and middle fingers together.
5. Call them sons of their own fathers. That is more just with Allāh. But if you do not know their fathers (call them) then your brothers in faith and those entrusted to you. There is no sin on you concerning that in which you made a mistake unintentionally, but (concerning) that which your hearts do purposely (that is what will amount to a sin for you). Allāh is Ever All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
6. The Prophet has a greater claim on the believers than their own selves⁵, and his wives are (like) their mothers. The close relatives are more entitled (to inheritance) one from the other, than (other) believers, and (than) those who have migrated (for the Sake of Allāh), except that you do some good (through bequest)⁶ to your close friends. This is written in the Book (the Preserved Tablet).
5. The Prophet is more worthy of their obedience and loyalty.
6. A previous ruling that allowed inheritance between Muslims, especially between the emigrants and the helpers, was abrogated. Only close relatives can inherit from one another now, whereas non-heirs can have a share through a bequest of a deceased, up to one-third of the inheritance.
7. (Remember) when We took a covenant from the Prophets and from you (Muhammad), and from Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus the son of Mary. We took from them a solemn covenant.
8. So that He may question the truthful (Allah’s Messengers) about their truth (i.e., the conveyance of His messages). Allāh has prepared for the deniers a painful torment.
9. O believers, remember the Favor of Allāh to you when armies came 'to attack you', so We sent against them a strong wind and armies (of angels) that you did not see. Allāh is ever Seeing of what you do.
10. (Remember) when they (the deniers) came at you from above you and from below you, and when the eyes shifted (in fear), and the hearts rose up to the throats, and you assumed about Allāh ' various' assumptions.
12. (Remember) when the hypocrites and those in whose hearts was a sickness (weakness of faith) began to say: "Allāh and His messenger promised us nothing except delusions."
13. When a party of them said: "O people of Yathrib (Madinah), there is no place for you to stay here (near the trench), so go back." A party of them sought permission from the Prophet, saying: "Our houses are exposed (to the enemy)," and they were not exposed. They only wanted to flee.
14. 'If the enemy' were to enter upon them from all sides (of the city), then they were incited to sedition, they would have done so with little hesitation.
15. They had already made a covenant with Allāh before, (that) they would not turn (their) backs. Allah’s Covenant will be questioned about⁷.
7. Muhammad, God's Messenger, said: "Believers, promise me that you will do the following six things and then I will promise you that you will go to Paradise. Do not lie when you quote something. Never break your promise and covenant. Return what you are entrusted with. Do not look at what is forbidden to see. Guard your modesty. And do not bother people physically or verbally.".
16. Say: "Fleeing will not benefit you if you flee from death or from killing, and then you will not be given enjoyment (of this temporary life) except a little."
17. Say: "Who is it that can protect you from Allāh if He intends to do you Harm, or He intends to show you Mercy?" They will not find for themselves besides Allāh any guardian or helper.
18. Allāh indeed knows those among you who hinder others (from fighting in the Way of Allāh), and those who say to their brethren: "Come to us," and they come not to the fight except a little,
19. Being niggardly toward you⁸. When fear comes, you will see them looking at you, their eyes rolling like someone in the throes of death. When the fear is gone they smite you with sharp tongues, being niggardly toward (spending in) good (and covetous of boots and wealth). These have not believed, so Allāh has made their deeds worthless. This is too easy for Allāh.
8. Regarding help and aid with their wealth and selves.
20. They think the confederate forces have not yet gone⁹. If the confederate forces should come (again) they (the hypocrites) would wish they were in the deserts (wandering) among the bedouins, asking for news about you. If they were among you they would not fight except a little.
9. In their excessive fear the cowardly hypocrites could not believe the enemy forces had been defeated.
21. There has been for you in the messenger of Allāh (Muhammad) an excellent example to follow for him who hopes in (the Meeting with) Allāh and the Last Day, and remembers Allāh much.
22. When the believers saw the confederate forces, they said: "This is what Allāh and His messenger promised us¹⁰. Allāh and His messenger spoke the Truth." And it only increased them in faith and submission.
23. Of the believers are men who are true to the covenant which they made with Allāh. Of them is he who fulfilled his vow (to the death), and of them is he who stil waits, and they have not changed in the least.
24. So that Allāh may reward the truthful for their truth¹¹, and chastise the hypocrites if He wills or accept their repentance. For Allāh is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
11. I.e., for their patience at the accomplishment of that which they covenanted with Allâh.
25. Allāh repelled those who denied (the Truth) in their rage. They could not achieve anything good. Allāh sufficed the believers in fighting¹². For Allāh is All-Strong, All-Mighty.
12. By sending against the deniers a severe wind and troops of angels.
26. Allāh brought down those from the followers of the (past) Scripture (the Jews) who backed (the pagans) from their fortresses, and cast panic into their hearts. Some you killed, and took others as captives.
28. O Prophet, say to your wives: "If you want this worldly life and its luxury, then come, I will give you a provision, and set you free in an honorable manner.
29. But if you seek Allāh and His messenger and the Home of the Hereafter, know that Allāh has certainly prepared for the good-doers among you a great reward."
30. Oh wives of the Prophet, whoever of you commits manifest indecency, the suffering will be doubled for her (in the Hereafter). This is easy for Allāh.
31. But whoever of you devoutly obeys Allāh and His messenger and does (what is) right (and just), We shall give her a double reward, and We have prepared for her an honorable provision (in Paradise).
32. Oh wives of the Prophet, you are not like any other of the women¹³. if you have fear of Allāh, then be not tender in speech, lest he in whose heart is a sickness (of temptation, lust) be moved with desire, but speak in an appropriate manner (without any complaisance).
13. As you are a noble example to others, and you are more exalted in status.
33. Stay in your houses and do not display your beauty¹⁴ as they used to display them in old days of (pagan) ignorance¹⁵. Keep up the prayer, pay the poor-rate, and obey Allāh and His messenger. Allāh only desires to keep all uncleanliness (evil, sin) away from you, O members of the family (of the Prophet), and to purify you a (thorough) purifying.
14. Your adornment, finery, and the shape of your body - in front of unrelated men to you who are not among your close male relatives, illegal to marry you.
15. Rather, observe the dress code and your modest.
34. (Oh wives of the Prophet), study and handle it correctly what is recited in your houses of the Verses of Allāh (the Qur’an) and the Wisdom¹⁶. (And know that) Allāh is Most Subtle, All-Aware.
16. The wisdom i.e., the Sunnah refers to the sayings and practices of the Prophet Muhammad, and is the second source of knowledge for Muslims. The Prophet Muhammad is a perfect example for all.
35. Men and women who submit to God, faithful men and women, obedient men and women, truthful men and women, patient men and women, humble men and women, the alms giving men and women, fasting men and women, the chaste men and women, and the men and women who praise Allah much - Allāh has prepared for them Forgiveness and a great Reward.
36. It is not for a believing man or a woman that they should have any option in their decision when Allāh and His messenger have decided a matter. Whoever disobeys Allāh and His messenger has strayed into manifest straying.
37.(Remember, O Prophet) when you said to him¹⁷ on whom Allāh has favored (by guiding him to Islam) and to whom you have done a favor (by manumitting him): "Keep your wife to yourself and fear Allāh," while concealing within yourself what Allāh was to disclose. You did fear the people, whereas Allāh had a greater right that you should fear Him. So when Zayd accomplished the necessary formality (of divorcing her), We gave her to you as a wife18, so that there may be no difficulty for the believers concerning the ex-wives of their adopted sons, when they have divorced them. For Allah’s Command is ever fulfilled.
17. i.e., Zayd bin Harithah.
18. I.e., Zaynab bint Jahsh.
38. There is no blame on the prophet concerning what Allāh has made lawful for him19. Such has been the tradition of Allāh to those who have gone before. The Command of Allāh is a Decree that is always absolute and certain:
19. Concerning the Prophet’s marriage with Zaynab bint Jahsh.
40. Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but he is the messenger of Allāh and the last of the Prophets20. Allāh has complete Knowledge of all things.
20. This verse states that there will be no Prophet after him, and if there will be no Prophet after him, then there can be no Messenger after him either, If he was the Seal of the Prophets then he was also the Seal of the Messengers for sure because the status of Messenger is higher than the status of Prophet as they are sent with new Revelation unlike reviving their previous scripture. There is no Messenger who is not also a Prophet. Hence it is said: Every Messenger is a Prophet but not every Prophet is a Messenger.
41. O believers, remember (and praise) Allāh with much remembrance (praising)21
21. The Prophet Muhammad said: "The example of the one who remembers (praises) his Lord (Allāh) in comparison to the one who does not remember is that of a living one compared to a dead one". Muhammad, God’s Messenger, also said: "Whoever says 'Subhânallâhi wa bihamdihi' 'Glory be to Allāh and all praise be to Him', one hundred times a day, will be forgiven his sins." He also said: "Whoever says: Lâ ilâha illallâhu wahdahû lâ sharîka lahû, lahul-mulku wa lahul-hamdu wa Huwa ‘alâ kulli shai’in Qadîr,' 'None has the right to be worshipped but Allāh (Alone) Who has no partner; to Him belongs the kingdom, and for Him are all the praises, and He has full power to do everything,' one hundred times will get the same reward as given for manumitting ten slaves; and one hundred good deeds will be written in his account, and one hundred sins will be deducted from his account, and it (his saying) will be a shield for him from Satan on that day till night, and nobody will be able to do a better deed except the one who does more than he."
43. It is He (Allāh) Who bestows His blessings on you, and His angels (ask Him to do so), that He may bring you forth out of utter darknesses into the light22. For Allāh is ever Merciful to the believers.
22. The Qur’an has so much enlightening parts. One theme is that of light - and what it means in relation to Allāh, and in relation to your faith. Light symbolize hope, goodness, wisdom, knowledge. Allāh is the light of the world. He is the source of light, which is evidently the goodness and hope that we need in our faith.
44. Their greeting to each other on the Day that they meet Him will be: "Peace be with you." (Allāh) has prepared for them an honorable Reward (in Paradise).
45. Oh Prophet, We have sent you being a witness, bearer of good news and warner23,
23. God sent Prophet Muhammad to the world – a world of oppression, injustice, and war. It was a world where hope seemed in desperately short supply. Muhammad’s mission was to take the people from the darknesses to the light, to bring mankind out of worship of mankind to the worship of Almighty God, from the narrowness of the world to its expanse, and from the oppression of false religions to the justice of Islam, the true religion of God. Muhammad in His preaching on earth, He outlined His mandate – “to preach the Truth and establish Justice, to proclaim real freedom for the mankind, to teach the ignorant, direct the blind, to cure the sick and to release the oppressed. The Prophet Muhammad was sent to give people an understanding of the Kingdom of God and the eternal salvation through following him. The Prophet Muhammad particularly delighted in doing this among the impoverished, the weak, the hurting, and the rejected in society. Muhammad not only preached the Truth and Justice through His words, but He powerfully demonstrated through His actions. Throughout the Qur’an we see God’s compassion and concern for those in need. He constantly commanded Muslims to extend help to those around them, and feel the strength of God’s command to “learn to do right and just. Muhammad came to spread peace and love, and put into a right relationship between all the people – and bring in a kingdom of righteousness, peace and justice. As Muslims, we are commanded to show God’s love and compassion to every one. We are called to be His hands and feet in a hurting world. And this is not optional. It is a responsibility with which we are entrusted and are expected to fulfil.
46. And a caller to (the Way of) Allāh by His Permission, and an illuminating lamp24.
24. Allāh loves us so much that He sent to us His servant, Muhammad, as His final and last messenger to guide us to the straight Path, so that he who believe in him and follow him can be with God forever. Because of the Qur'an He sent down and the messenger He sent to us, we can have full confidence that God loves us so much.
48. Do not yield to the deniers and the hypocrites, disregard their annoying talk, and put your complete trust in Allāh. For Allāh is Enough as a Trustee.
49. O believers, when you marry believing women then divorce them before you have touched them25, then there is no waiting period that you should count; so give them a gift, and set them free in an honorable manner.
50. O Prophet, We have made lawful to you your wives whom you have given their dowries, and those your right hand possess whom Allāh has bestowed upon you (of bondwomen), daughters of your paternal uncles, daughters of your paternal aunts, daughters of your maternal uncles, daughters of your maternal aunts who migrated with you; and a believing woman if she offers herself to the Prophet, if the Prophet wants to marry her - a privilege especially for you, not for (the rest of) the believers. We know what We have ordained for them concerning their wives and those whom their right hands possess, in order that there may be no hardship for you. For Allāh is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
51. You may postpone (the turn of) whom you will of them (your wives), and you may receive whom you will, and whom you desire of those whom you have set aside (her turn temporarily); no blame is on you (to receive her again). This is most proper, so that they may be comforted and not grieve, and that all of them should be pleased with what you give them. Allāh knows what is in your hearts. For Allāh is All-Knowing, Most Forbearing.
52. It is not lawful to you (Muhammad) to take (any additional) women beyond this degree, nor that you replace those (who are now your wives) with any other women, though their beauty may impress you, except what your right hand possesses. Allāh is ever Watchful over all things.
53. O believers, do not enter the houses of the Prophet unless permission is given to you for a meal, not waiting for its cooking to be finished - but when you are invited26, enter, and when you have eaten, then disperse - not seeking to sit chatting among yourselves. This annoys the Prophet, but he feels shy of (asking) you (to go), but Allāh is not shy of (telling you) the Truth. When you ask (his wives) for anything you want, ask them from behind a screen. This is purer for your hearts and (for) their hearts. You are not supposed to annoy the messenger of Allāh, nor that you should ever marry his wives after him. For this would be a great offense in the Sight of Allāh.
26. Muhammad, God's messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The rights of a believer over another are six.” It was said: What are they, O Messenger of God? He said: “If you meet him, greet him; if he invites you, accept the invitation; if he asks for advice, give him sincere advice; if he sneezes and praises Allāh (by saying Al-Hamdulillaah), say Yarhamukallaah (may Allāh have mercy on you); if he falls sick, visit him; and if he dies, attend his funeral.”
55. There is no blame on them (the women, if they do not veil, i.e., wear hijab) before their fathers²⁶, or their sons, or their brothers, or their brother’s sons, or their sister’s sons, or their own women, or what their right hands possess. Fear Allāh and shun evil. Allāh is ever a Witness of all things.
56. Allāh bestows His Divine blessings (of praise, grace and mercy) upon the Prophet (Muhammad) and the angels ask more blessings for him. O believers, ask (Allāh) to bestow His Divine blessings on him, and greet him with a (worthy) greeting²⁷.
57. As for those who offend Allāh and His messenger, Allāh has cursed them in this world and in the Hereafter, and He has prepared for them a humiliating torment.
59. O Prophet, say to your wives and your daughters and the believing women that they draw their cloaks close round them²⁹. This will be more proper, that they may be known³⁰, and not to be harassed. Allāh is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
29. Thus covering their bodies except for their faces and hands, according to a popular opinion.
30. As chaste believing women.
60. If the hypocrites and those in whose hearts is a sickness (of lewdness) and the scaremongers in Al-Madinah (the city of the Prophet) do not desist, We will give you authority over them, then they will not be your neighbors in it except for a short while.
66. On the Day when their faces shall be turned over in the eternal Fire, they will say: "O would that we had obeyed Allāh and obeyed the Messenger (Muhammad)."
69. O believers, be not like those who slandered Moses, but Allāh cleared him of what they said31. For Moses was a honorable person in the Sight of Allāh.
31. Muhammad, God's Messenger said, "(Prophet) Mûsâ (Moses) was a shy person and used to cover his body completely because of his extensive shyness. One of the Children of Israel annoyed him by saying, ‘He covers his body in this way only because of some defect in his skin, either leprosy or scrotal hernia, or he had some other defect.’ Allāh wished to clear Moses of what they said about him: so one day while Moses was in seclusion, he took off his clothes and put them on a stone and started taking a bath. When he had finished the bath, he moved towards his clothes so as to take them, but the stone took his clothes and fled. Moses picked up his staff and ran after the stone saying, ‘O stone! give me my clothes!’ till he reached a group of children of Israel who saw him naked then, and found him the best of what Allāh had created; and Allāh cleared him of what they had accused him of. The stone stopped there and Moses took and put his garment on and started hitting the stone with his staff. By Allāh, the stone still has some traces of the hitting: three, four or five marks. This was what Allāh عز وجل refers to in His Saying: ‘Believers, be not like those, who annoyed Moses, but Allâh cleared him of that which they alleged and he was honourable before Allâh...’ "
71. Allāh will guide you to righteous deeds and forgive your sins. Whoever obeys Allāh and His messenger (Muhammad) has achieved a great achievement33.
33. i.e., will be saved from the Hellfire and admitted to Paradise.
72. We offered the Trust34 to the heavens and the earth and the mountains, but they could not bear this burden35 and were afraid of its consequences. But man undertook to bear it. He is most unjust (to himself), most ignorant (of its end result)36.
34. i.e., legal assignments and pledge of obedience to Allāh (God).
35. I.e., they did not accept the offer for fear of not being able to bear it in a due manner.
36. Coveting the reward of this commitment while forgetting the consequence of the failure to fulfill their pledge.
73. So37 that Allāh will chastise the hypocrites, men and women, and the polytheists, men and women38, and that Allāh may return in repentance, (mercy and compassion) to the believing men and the believing women39. For Allāh is Ever All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
37. The reason for which mankind was permitted to carry the Trust.
38. Who forsake the Trust.
39. Who fulfill the Trust.
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