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Câu: (64) Chương: Mar-yam
وَمَا نَتَنَزَّلُ إِلَّا بِأَمۡرِ رَبِّكَۖ لَهُۥ مَا بَيۡنَ أَيۡدِينَا وَمَا خَلۡفَنَا وَمَا بَيۡنَ ذَٰلِكَۚ وَمَا كَانَ رَبُّكَ نَسِيّٗا
(64) [108]We [angels] never [successively] come down except by your Lord’s Command[109] [O Muhammad]; to Him belongs whatever is before us and behind us, and whatever is between that[110]—verily your Lord is never ever forgetful![111]
[108] After recounting the stories of the Prophets (عليهم السلام) to console and strengthen the heart of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ), and following this with a mention of the deviations introduced by later generations and the consequences for both the righteous and the transgressors, the narrative transitions to addressing the delay in revelation. During this period, the Deniers claimed that Allah had abandoned and forsaken the Prophet. This baseless assertion is refuted, clarifying that the truth is far from their assumptions (cf. al-Marāghī).
Ibn ‘Abbās (رضي الله عنهما) narrates that the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said: “O Jibrīl (Gabriel), what prevents you from visiting us more frequently than you already do?” Then the aya was revealed: “We [angels] never [successively] come down except by your Lord’s Command [O Muhammad]; to Him belongs whatever is before us and behind us, and whatever is between that—verily your Lord is never ever forgetful!” This aya was revealed as a direct response to the inquiry of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). al-Wāḥidī reports the unanimous agreement among the exegetes that this was the reason for the revelation of this aya.
[109] Amri Rabbika (lit. your Lord’s Command) could mean permission, as evidenced by the mentioned reason for its revelation. It may also signify decree, meaning: We come down accompanying Allah’s Command to His servants regarding what He has made obligatory upon them or forbidden. Furthermore, it may encompass a broader meaning, according to those who permit interpreting the term to include all its possible connotations (cf. Ibn Ḥajar, Fatḥ al-Bārī).
[110] That is, to God Alone belong all directions and places, as well as all times—present, past, and future. The angels cannot move from one direction to another or within any specific time without His Command and Will (cf. al-Bayḍāwī, Abū al-Su‘ūd, al-Sa‘dī). Ibn ‘Āshūr explains: “Since it is reported that all of this belongs to Allah, it is necessary that it refers to the beings within those directions. Thus, it encompasses all creatures and extends to all their states and actions, such as coming down with revelation. It also encompasses all times—future, past, and present.” al-Shawkānī sums up the exegetical perspectives on this aya as follows: “Allah, Glorified be He, encompasses everything; nothing is hidden from Him, and not even a mote’s weight escapes His Knowledge. Thus, we do not proceed with any matter except by His permission”.
[111] That is, your Lord, O Muhammad, has never been forgetful of anything. If our descent with revelation to you is delayed, it is not due to forgetfulness on His part. Rather, His Wisdom necessitates this timing. Your Lord would not forget or neglect you; He has always taken care of you. So, do not grieve if our descent is delayed, and be certain that Allah has Willed it so (cf. al-Ṭabarī, al-Qurṭubī, al-Samīn al-Ḥalabī, Abū al-Su‘ūd).
Ibn ‘Abbās (رضي الله عنهما) narrates that the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said: “O Jibrīl (Gabriel), what prevents you from visiting us more frequently than you already do?” Then the aya was revealed: “We [angels] never [successively] come down except by your Lord’s Command [O Muhammad]; to Him belongs whatever is before us and behind us, and whatever is between that—verily your Lord is never ever forgetful!” This aya was revealed as a direct response to the inquiry of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). al-Wāḥidī reports the unanimous agreement among the exegetes that this was the reason for the revelation of this aya.
[109] Amri Rabbika (lit. your Lord’s Command) could mean permission, as evidenced by the mentioned reason for its revelation. It may also signify decree, meaning: We come down accompanying Allah’s Command to His servants regarding what He has made obligatory upon them or forbidden. Furthermore, it may encompass a broader meaning, according to those who permit interpreting the term to include all its possible connotations (cf. Ibn Ḥajar, Fatḥ al-Bārī).
[110] That is, to God Alone belong all directions and places, as well as all times—present, past, and future. The angels cannot move from one direction to another or within any specific time without His Command and Will (cf. al-Bayḍāwī, Abū al-Su‘ūd, al-Sa‘dī). Ibn ‘Āshūr explains: “Since it is reported that all of this belongs to Allah, it is necessary that it refers to the beings within those directions. Thus, it encompasses all creatures and extends to all their states and actions, such as coming down with revelation. It also encompasses all times—future, past, and present.” al-Shawkānī sums up the exegetical perspectives on this aya as follows: “Allah, Glorified be He, encompasses everything; nothing is hidden from Him, and not even a mote’s weight escapes His Knowledge. Thus, we do not proceed with any matter except by His permission”.
[111] That is, your Lord, O Muhammad, has never been forgetful of anything. If our descent with revelation to you is delayed, it is not due to forgetfulness on His part. Rather, His Wisdom necessitates this timing. Your Lord would not forget or neglect you; He has always taken care of you. So, do not grieve if our descent is delayed, and be certain that Allah has Willed it so (cf. al-Ṭabarī, al-Qurṭubī, al-Samīn al-Ḥalabī, Abū al-Su‘ūd).
Các Tafsir tiếng Ả-rập:
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Câu: (64) Chương: Mar-yam
Bản dịch ý nghĩa nội dung Qur'an - Bản dịch tiếng Anh - Tiến sĩ Walid Buleihish Al-'Umri. - Đang được thực hiện. - Mục lục các bản dịch
Người dịch Tiến sĩ Walid Buleihish Al-'Umri.