(89) Indeed, you have brought forth something of atrocious enormity![156]
[156] Iddan (lit. grave enormity) signifies something immense and monstrous. The root a-d-d conveys notions of enormity and intensity, as attested in classical lexicons (al-Iṣfahānī, al-Mufradāt; Ibn Qutaybah, Gharīb al-Qur’ān; Ibn Fāris, Maqāyīs al-Lughah).
The Qur’anic employment of this lexical item is highly marked, serving to amplify the gravity and catastrophic impact of the utterance it describes. In Qur’anic discourse, such words are not mere descriptors but tools of al-taṣwīr al-fannī (artistic depiction), bringing scenes to life through evocative language and acoustic resonance.
At the phonic level, the gemination of the plosive /d/ in iddā intensifies the force and abruptness of articulation, reinforcing the magnitude of the statement’s offense. The long vowel /ā/ further amplifies the auditory impact, allowing for a powerful and explosive release of the plosive sound. Taken in context, the nunation at the end of iddan (/iddan/) mimics the sound of an explosion, achieving an almost onomatopoeic effect.
This word is used in the Qur’an regarding the false claim that God has taken a child—a blasphemous assertion of such magnitude that the Heavens are on the verge of rending asunder, the Earth of splitting apart, and the mountains of collapsing (aya 90 above). The imagery evokes the aftermath of an overwhelming cosmic explosion, reinforcing the severe condemnation of this statement (cf. Bleyhesh al-Amri, W. (2007). Qur’an Translatability at the Phonic Level. Perspectives, 15(3), 159–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050802153954).
The Qur’anic usage of iddan exemplifies the convergence of phonology, semantics, and rhetoric to create a powerful sense of condemnation, severity, and impending catastrophe. The interplay between phonetic structure and textual meaning highlights the Qur’an’s linguistic precision, where meaning is not only conveyed through words but also through their very sounds. This analysis reaffirms that Qur’anic language functions at multiple levels—lexical, phonetic, and thematic—each reinforcing the other in perfect coherence.
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API specs
Endpoints:
Sura translation
GET / https://quranenc.com/api/v1/translation/sura/{translation_key}/{sura_number} description: get the specified translation (by its translation_key) for the speicified sura (by its number)
Parameters: translation_key: (the key of the currently selected translation) sura_number: [1-114] (Sura number in the mosshaf which should be between 1 and 114)
Returns:
json object containing array of objects, each object contains the "sura", "aya", "translation" and "footnotes".
GET / https://quranenc.com/api/v1/translation/aya/{translation_key}/{sura_number}/{aya_number} description: get the specified translation (by its translation_key) for the speicified aya (by its number sura_number and aya_number)
Parameters: translation_key: (the key of the currently selected translation) sura_number: [1-114] (Sura number in the mosshaf which should be between 1 and 114) aya_number: [1-...] (Aya number in the sura)
Returns:
json object containing the "sura", "aya", "translation" and "footnotes".