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Câu: (157) Chương: Chương Al-'Araf
ٱلَّذِينَ يَتَّبِعُونَ ٱلرَّسُولَ ٱلنَّبِيَّ ٱلۡأُمِّيَّ ٱلَّذِي يَجِدُونَهُۥ مَكۡتُوبًا عِندَهُمۡ فِي ٱلتَّوۡرَىٰةِ وَٱلۡإِنجِيلِ يَأۡمُرُهُم بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِ وَيَنۡهَىٰهُمۡ عَنِ ٱلۡمُنكَرِ وَيُحِلُّ لَهُمُ ٱلطَّيِّبَٰتِ وَيُحَرِّمُ عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلۡخَبَٰٓئِثَ وَيَضَعُ عَنۡهُمۡ إِصۡرَهُمۡ وَٱلۡأَغۡلَٰلَ ٱلَّتِي كَانَتۡ عَلَيۡهِمۡۚ فَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ بِهِۦ وَعَزَّرُوهُ وَنَصَرُوهُ وَٱتَّبَعُواْ ٱلنُّورَ ٱلَّذِيٓ أُنزِلَ مَعَهُۥٓ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡمُفۡلِحُونَ
(157) those who follow the Messenger, ‘the unlettered[1785] Prophet’, whom they find with them written in the Torah and the Evangel[1786]. He enjoins them to virtue and advises them against what is unacceptable; makes lawful for them good provisions and makes unlawful for them what is deleterious[1787]; lays down their burden and the yokes that were ˹imposed˺ on them[1788]. Then those who have Believed in him, strongly supported him, aided him and followed the Light that came down with him[1789]; these are ˹truly˺ the successful”.
[1785] Exegetes are unanimous that this unlettered Messenger Prophet is Muhammad (ﷺ) (cf. al-Khāzin). That he was unlettered (ummī) is evidenced in the Qur’an: “You ˹Muhammad˺ never recited any Scripture before ˹We sent down˺ this one ˹to you˺; you never wrote one down with your hand. If you had done so, those who follow falsehood might have had cause to doubt” (29: 48); “And thus We have revealed to you an inspiration of Our Command. You did not know what the Book or Faith are, but We have made it a light by which We guide whom We will of Our servants. And indeed, ˹Muhammad,˺ you guide to a Straight Path” (42: 52).
That he (ﷺ) was unlettered and raised among an unlettered nation (“He is the One Who raised for the unlettered ˹people˺ a Messenger from among themselves…” (62: 2) was to: 1) ensure that no reasonable doubt arises about the Source of revelation; 2) the revelation remains intact and does not get mixed up with other sources and/or what hearts and minds are programmed with, and; 3) very significantly to connect him (ﷺ) directly to the most elevated and pristine of all sources, the Divine, as opposed to human sources which are very likely be adulterated (cf. al-Shaʿrāwī). Some have speculated that ummī means or is derived from umm al-Qurā (Makkah, the Arab metropolis) from which he (ﷺ) originated, or being one of the ‘unlettered nation’, the Arabs (cf. al-Sijistānī, Gharīb al-Qur’ān, Ibn Fāris, Maqāyīs al-Lughah, al-Iṣfahānī, al-Mufradāt), and especially ‘gentile’ (particularly some recent sources and English translations of the Qur’an). However, upon thorough study, this could be challenged by the fact that notably the Jews of Madinah as told in Aya 2: 89 (“When a Book came to them from Allah confirming what they already have; ˹while˺ before it they used to invoke ˹Divine˺ assistance over those who Deny, still when what they knew came to them, they Denied it. Allah’s Damnation is on the Deniers”) were expectant of a Messenger of their own and not a gentile one (cf. al-Ṭabarī). The Jews of Madinah were very learned and alive to their Scriptures (as attested to in numerous instances in the Qur’an and Sunnah), so translating ummī as ‘gentile’ is, to say the least, misleading because it speculatively reflects on Scriptures which are either lost or distorted beyond recognition, and is not attested to by Qur’anic evidence. On the other hand, for the Messenger (ﷺ) to be described as ‘the unlettered Prophet’ is to directly quote what is exactly written in the Torah and the Evangel (cf. Ibn ʿĀshūr). Needless to say, such pristine sources are no longer in existence.
‘Messenger’ (rasūl) differs from ‘Prophet’ (nabiyy, lit. one who is told) in that it is a more specific designation; every Messenger is a Prophet but not every Prophet is a Messenger (cf. Riḍā, and for more on the difference between the two see, Ibn Taymiyyah, al-Nubūwwāt, 2/714). Muhammad (ﷺ) was privileged by both Messengership and Prophethood.
[1786] Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) is described in great detail in both the Torah and the Evangel (cf. al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī): “And ˹mention˺ when Jesus, the son of Mary, said: “Children of Israel, indeed I am the Messenger of Allah to you confirming what came before me of the Torah and bringing good tidings of a Messenger to come after me, whose name is Ahmad ˹the praised one˺.” But when he came to them with clear evidences, they said: “This is clearly magic”” (61: 6). ʿAṭā’ Ibn Yasār (رضي الله عنه) said: “I met ʿAbdullāh Ibn ʿAmr Ibn al-ʿĀṣ (رضي الله عنه) and I said to him: “Tell me about the description of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) in the Torah”. He said: “Indeed! By Allah he is described in the Torah with some of his descriptions in the Qur’an: “O Prophet, We have sent you as a witness, a bearer of glad tidings and, a warner” (33: 45); as a shelter for the unlettered ones ˹the Arabs˺, and thus ˹said God in the Torah˺: “You are My servant and My Messenger, I called you al-mutawakkil ˹the one who trustfully relies on God˺”; he is ˹further described as˺ not foul mouthed neither is he hard-hearted, nor raucous in market places; he does not offend when offended, but he forgives and forgets; Allah will not take his soul until he sets straight by him the crooked creed, i.e., that they say: “There is no god but Allah”, he opens up with it ˹this declaration˺ blinded eyes, deafened ears and encased hearts”” (al-Bukhārī: 4838).
[1787] “Forbidden for you is carrion, ˹spilled˺ blood, the flesh of swine, what was offered ˹as sacrifice˺ to others besides Allah, the strangled, the battered, the fallen, the rammed, what is mangled by beasts of prey – except those ˹of these˺ that you slaughter ˹before their dying˺ – what is slaughtered at the altars of idols, and that you allot shares ˹of meat˺ by drawing lots; ˹all of˺ that is a serious contravention. Today the Deniers have despaired of ˹undermining˺ your religion, so fear them not but fear Me; today I have perfected your religion for you, finalized My Favour on you and I approve Islam as a religion for you. ˹But˺ Whoever is forced by wasting hunger ˹to eat of what is forbidden˺, not swayed by sin, then Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful” (5: 3); “You who Believe, intoxicants, gambling, altars ˹of idolatry˺ and casting lots ˹for divination˺ are nothing but defilement of the making of Satan, so steer clear from it ˹all˺, so that you might be successful. *Satan wants nothing but to sow enmity and hatred among you through intoxicants and gambling, and repel you from the remembrance of Allah and Prayer, will you not ˹then˺ desist?” (5: 90-91).
[1788] “Allah would not charge a soul with that which it cannot bear; to it belongs what it earned and against it is held what it has committed. ˹We pray to you˺ “Our Lord, do not charge us for what we forgot or erred ˹in doing˺; our Lord, do not lay on us what is burdensome as you did unto those who came before us; our Lord, do not burden us with that which we have no power over; forgive us, absolve us and have mercy on us. You are our Ally; make us prevail over the Denying people”” (2: 286).
[1789] The Qur’an: “People of the Book, here is Our Messenger coming to you to reveal to you much of what you used to hide of the Book and overlooks much—indeed there has come to you a Light from Allah and a clarifying Book; *by it Allah guides those who follow His Pleasure to the path of peace and delivers them from utter darkness into light with His permission; He guides them to a Straight Path” (5: 15-16); “O people, there has come to you a ˹conclusive˺ proof from your Lord, and We have sent down to you a Glaring Light. *As for those who Believe in Allah and hold fast to Him, He will admit them into a Mercy and Grace from Him, and will guide them to a Straight Path” (4: 174-175).
That he (ﷺ) was unlettered and raised among an unlettered nation (“He is the One Who raised for the unlettered ˹people˺ a Messenger from among themselves…” (62: 2) was to: 1) ensure that no reasonable doubt arises about the Source of revelation; 2) the revelation remains intact and does not get mixed up with other sources and/or what hearts and minds are programmed with, and; 3) very significantly to connect him (ﷺ) directly to the most elevated and pristine of all sources, the Divine, as opposed to human sources which are very likely be adulterated (cf. al-Shaʿrāwī). Some have speculated that ummī means or is derived from umm al-Qurā (Makkah, the Arab metropolis) from which he (ﷺ) originated, or being one of the ‘unlettered nation’, the Arabs (cf. al-Sijistānī, Gharīb al-Qur’ān, Ibn Fāris, Maqāyīs al-Lughah, al-Iṣfahānī, al-Mufradāt), and especially ‘gentile’ (particularly some recent sources and English translations of the Qur’an). However, upon thorough study, this could be challenged by the fact that notably the Jews of Madinah as told in Aya 2: 89 (“When a Book came to them from Allah confirming what they already have; ˹while˺ before it they used to invoke ˹Divine˺ assistance over those who Deny, still when what they knew came to them, they Denied it. Allah’s Damnation is on the Deniers”) were expectant of a Messenger of their own and not a gentile one (cf. al-Ṭabarī). The Jews of Madinah were very learned and alive to their Scriptures (as attested to in numerous instances in the Qur’an and Sunnah), so translating ummī as ‘gentile’ is, to say the least, misleading because it speculatively reflects on Scriptures which are either lost or distorted beyond recognition, and is not attested to by Qur’anic evidence. On the other hand, for the Messenger (ﷺ) to be described as ‘the unlettered Prophet’ is to directly quote what is exactly written in the Torah and the Evangel (cf. Ibn ʿĀshūr). Needless to say, such pristine sources are no longer in existence.
‘Messenger’ (rasūl) differs from ‘Prophet’ (nabiyy, lit. one who is told) in that it is a more specific designation; every Messenger is a Prophet but not every Prophet is a Messenger (cf. Riḍā, and for more on the difference between the two see, Ibn Taymiyyah, al-Nubūwwāt, 2/714). Muhammad (ﷺ) was privileged by both Messengership and Prophethood.
[1786] Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) is described in great detail in both the Torah and the Evangel (cf. al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī): “And ˹mention˺ when Jesus, the son of Mary, said: “Children of Israel, indeed I am the Messenger of Allah to you confirming what came before me of the Torah and bringing good tidings of a Messenger to come after me, whose name is Ahmad ˹the praised one˺.” But when he came to them with clear evidences, they said: “This is clearly magic”” (61: 6). ʿAṭā’ Ibn Yasār (رضي الله عنه) said: “I met ʿAbdullāh Ibn ʿAmr Ibn al-ʿĀṣ (رضي الله عنه) and I said to him: “Tell me about the description of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) in the Torah”. He said: “Indeed! By Allah he is described in the Torah with some of his descriptions in the Qur’an: “O Prophet, We have sent you as a witness, a bearer of glad tidings and, a warner” (33: 45); as a shelter for the unlettered ones ˹the Arabs˺, and thus ˹said God in the Torah˺: “You are My servant and My Messenger, I called you al-mutawakkil ˹the one who trustfully relies on God˺”; he is ˹further described as˺ not foul mouthed neither is he hard-hearted, nor raucous in market places; he does not offend when offended, but he forgives and forgets; Allah will not take his soul until he sets straight by him the crooked creed, i.e., that they say: “There is no god but Allah”, he opens up with it ˹this declaration˺ blinded eyes, deafened ears and encased hearts”” (al-Bukhārī: 4838).
[1787] “Forbidden for you is carrion, ˹spilled˺ blood, the flesh of swine, what was offered ˹as sacrifice˺ to others besides Allah, the strangled, the battered, the fallen, the rammed, what is mangled by beasts of prey – except those ˹of these˺ that you slaughter ˹before their dying˺ – what is slaughtered at the altars of idols, and that you allot shares ˹of meat˺ by drawing lots; ˹all of˺ that is a serious contravention. Today the Deniers have despaired of ˹undermining˺ your religion, so fear them not but fear Me; today I have perfected your religion for you, finalized My Favour on you and I approve Islam as a religion for you. ˹But˺ Whoever is forced by wasting hunger ˹to eat of what is forbidden˺, not swayed by sin, then Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful” (5: 3); “You who Believe, intoxicants, gambling, altars ˹of idolatry˺ and casting lots ˹for divination˺ are nothing but defilement of the making of Satan, so steer clear from it ˹all˺, so that you might be successful. *Satan wants nothing but to sow enmity and hatred among you through intoxicants and gambling, and repel you from the remembrance of Allah and Prayer, will you not ˹then˺ desist?” (5: 90-91).
[1788] “Allah would not charge a soul with that which it cannot bear; to it belongs what it earned and against it is held what it has committed. ˹We pray to you˺ “Our Lord, do not charge us for what we forgot or erred ˹in doing˺; our Lord, do not lay on us what is burdensome as you did unto those who came before us; our Lord, do not burden us with that which we have no power over; forgive us, absolve us and have mercy on us. You are our Ally; make us prevail over the Denying people”” (2: 286).
[1789] The Qur’an: “People of the Book, here is Our Messenger coming to you to reveal to you much of what you used to hide of the Book and overlooks much—indeed there has come to you a Light from Allah and a clarifying Book; *by it Allah guides those who follow His Pleasure to the path of peace and delivers them from utter darkness into light with His permission; He guides them to a Straight Path” (5: 15-16); “O people, there has come to you a ˹conclusive˺ proof from your Lord, and We have sent down to you a Glaring Light. *As for those who Believe in Allah and hold fast to Him, He will admit them into a Mercy and Grace from Him, and will guide them to a Straight Path” (4: 174-175).
Các Tafsir tiếng Ả-rập:
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Câu: (157) Chương: Chương Al-'Araf
Bản dịch ý nghĩa nội dung Qur'an - Dịch thuật tiếng Anh - Tiến sĩ Walid Bulaihish Al-'Umri - Mục lục các bản dịch
Bản dịch ý nghĩa Kinh Qur'an sang tiếng Anh của Tiến sĩ Walĩd Bleyhesh Al-'Umri (đang dịch thuật)