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Câu: (9) Chương: Chương Al-Anfal
إِذۡ تَسۡتَغِيثُونَ رَبَّكُمۡ فَٱسۡتَجَابَ لَكُمۡ أَنِّي مُمِدُّكُم بِأَلۡفٖ مِّنَ ٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةِ مُرۡدِفِينَ
(9) ˹Remember˺ When you ˹Believers˺ implored your Lord for assistance[1887] and He responded to you that: “I am reinforcing you with one thousand angels, following ˹one another˺ closely on their heels[1888]”.
[1887] ʿUmar Ibn al-Khaṭṭāb (رضي الله عنه) narrated that: “On the Day of Badr, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) looked at the Associators, who were 1,000 strong, and his Companions, who numbered 319 men. He then turned towards al-Qiblah, stretched his hands and started imploring his Lord: “O Allah, fulfil for me what You promised me. O Allah, make true to me Your promise. O Allah, should this Muslim band be annihilated, You shall not be ˹ever˺ worshipped in the land”. He went on imploring, stretching his hands and facing al-Qiblah until his upper garment fell off his shoulders. Then Abū Bakr came, took his upper garment and put it on his shoulders, and held him tight from his back. He said: “Messenger of Allah, enough imploring your Lord. He shall certainly make true His promise to you”. Then Allah sent down: “˹Remember˺ When you ˹Believers˺ implored your Lord for assistance and He responded to you that: “I am reinforcing you with one thousand angels, following ˹one another˺ closely on their heels”” (Muslim: 1763).
[1888] Scholars have held different views as to the number of angels who were sent as reinforcement to the Believers on the Day of Badr, whether they were only 1,000 or 5,000. Those who opined that they were in fact 5,000 (i.e. Ibn ʿAbbās, Mujāhid, Qatādah), interpreted murdifīn (lit. following ˹one another˺ closely on their heels) as: “followed ˹by others˺ closely on their heels”, and in light of Sura Āl ʿImrān: “Indeed Allah made you ˹emerge˺ victorious in Badr when you were scorned – be Mindful of Allah so that you may be thankful. *Then you ˹Muhammad˺ said to the Believers: “Would it not suffice you that your Lord should reinforce you with three thousand angels sent down ˹from the sky˺?” *Indeed ˹this would suffice˺! Yet if you hold out and are Mindful, and should they ˹your enemies˺ hasten to charge ˹in full force˺ against you, your Lord will reinforce you with five thousand angels, clearly marked” (3: 123-125). Further, they find similarities between the recounting of this episode in Āl ʿImrān and here in al-Anfāl (compare: 3: 126 with 8: 10 and 3: 127 with 8: 7). Conversely, the party that saw that only 1,000 angels were sent as reinforcement (i.e. ʿIkrimah followed by a number of exegetes, cf. al-Tafsīr al-Muḥarrar) interpreted Āl ʿImrān 123-125 as being sent down regarding the Battle of Uḥud not Badr and for that it was conditional and not fulfilled. Yet, the great exegete, al-Ṭabarī concludes that there is evidence in the Qur’an that the Believers were reinforced at Badr with 1,000 angels, but there is not enough evidence to prove or disprove that they were actually reinforced with 5,000 angels or not.
Rifāʿah Ibn Rāfiʿ al-Zuraqī, whose father fought in Badr, narrated that: “Gabriel (عليه السلام) came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and asked him: “How do you regard the people of Badr amongst you?” He replied: “Among the best of Muslims.” …. Then he ˹Gabriel˺ said: “Likewise the angels who fought in Badr ˹are regarded˺” (al-Bukhārī: 3992).
That God reinforced His Messenger (ﷺ) and the Believers with angels and made them fight like men, although He could have set Archangel Gabriel on them and he would have effortlessly wiped them out with a flick of a feather from his wing, was meant, as per Ibn Ḥajar (Fatḥ al-Bārī, 7/313) to cause victory at the hands of the Messenger and his Companions and not to flout the canon of the order of things and that Believers should always put their trust in God, and take the necessary preparations and measures for winning.
[1888] Scholars have held different views as to the number of angels who were sent as reinforcement to the Believers on the Day of Badr, whether they were only 1,000 or 5,000. Those who opined that they were in fact 5,000 (i.e. Ibn ʿAbbās, Mujāhid, Qatādah), interpreted murdifīn (lit. following ˹one another˺ closely on their heels) as: “followed ˹by others˺ closely on their heels”, and in light of Sura Āl ʿImrān: “Indeed Allah made you ˹emerge˺ victorious in Badr when you were scorned – be Mindful of Allah so that you may be thankful. *Then you ˹Muhammad˺ said to the Believers: “Would it not suffice you that your Lord should reinforce you with three thousand angels sent down ˹from the sky˺?” *Indeed ˹this would suffice˺! Yet if you hold out and are Mindful, and should they ˹your enemies˺ hasten to charge ˹in full force˺ against you, your Lord will reinforce you with five thousand angels, clearly marked” (3: 123-125). Further, they find similarities between the recounting of this episode in Āl ʿImrān and here in al-Anfāl (compare: 3: 126 with 8: 10 and 3: 127 with 8: 7). Conversely, the party that saw that only 1,000 angels were sent as reinforcement (i.e. ʿIkrimah followed by a number of exegetes, cf. al-Tafsīr al-Muḥarrar) interpreted Āl ʿImrān 123-125 as being sent down regarding the Battle of Uḥud not Badr and for that it was conditional and not fulfilled. Yet, the great exegete, al-Ṭabarī concludes that there is evidence in the Qur’an that the Believers were reinforced at Badr with 1,000 angels, but there is not enough evidence to prove or disprove that they were actually reinforced with 5,000 angels or not.
Rifāʿah Ibn Rāfiʿ al-Zuraqī, whose father fought in Badr, narrated that: “Gabriel (عليه السلام) came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and asked him: “How do you regard the people of Badr amongst you?” He replied: “Among the best of Muslims.” …. Then he ˹Gabriel˺ said: “Likewise the angels who fought in Badr ˹are regarded˺” (al-Bukhārī: 3992).
That God reinforced His Messenger (ﷺ) and the Believers with angels and made them fight like men, although He could have set Archangel Gabriel on them and he would have effortlessly wiped them out with a flick of a feather from his wing, was meant, as per Ibn Ḥajar (Fatḥ al-Bārī, 7/313) to cause victory at the hands of the Messenger and his Companions and not to flout the canon of the order of things and that Believers should always put their trust in God, and take the necessary preparations and measures for winning.
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Câu: (9) Chương: Chương Al-Anfal
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