含义的翻译 段 127 章 尼萨仪 - 英文翻译-瓦利德·比利哈什·欧麦尔博士 - 《古兰经》合辑

段: 127

وَيَسۡتَفۡتُونَكَ فِي ٱلنِّسَآءِۖ قُلِ ٱللَّهُ يُفۡتِيكُمۡ فِيهِنَّ وَمَا يُتۡلَىٰ عَلَيۡكُمۡ فِي ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ فِي يَتَٰمَى ٱلنِّسَآءِ ٱلَّٰتِي لَا تُؤۡتُونَهُنَّ مَا كُتِبَ لَهُنَّ وَتَرۡغَبُونَ أَن تَنكِحُوهُنَّ وَٱلۡمُسۡتَضۡعَفِينَ مِنَ ٱلۡوِلۡدَٰنِ وَأَن تَقُومُواْ لِلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ بِٱلۡقِسۡطِۚ وَمَا تَفۡعَلُواْ مِنۡ خَيۡرٖ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ بِهِۦ عَلِيمٗا

(127) ^[1007]And they seek your counsel^[1008] pertaining women, say ˹Muhammad˺: “Allah decrees to you with their regard and ˹regarding˺ what is recited for you in the Book in ˹the affairs of ˺ orphaned women, to whom you give not what is ordained for them, and you want/want not to marry them^[1009], and ˹with matters of ˺ helpless children: that you should uphold justice absolutely in the affairs of orphans^[1010]—whatever good you do, verily Allah Knows all about it.

[1007] The subject of the best course of conduct to pursue with regards to the weaker segments of society, as well as other related subjects touched upon at the beginning of the sura, is taken up again here so as to expunge certain societal habits and practices that were prevalent before the advent of Islam. A Believing household has to be built on preserving the dignity and ensuring the full rights of all its parties, lest any lack of respect for these leads to discord and disunion, and where the more helpless members of the family (and society at large) are the most affected. Being the basic building block of a strong, close-knit society, the family’s wholesomeness has to be preserved at all costs.
[1008] ʿUrwah Ibn al-Zubayr (رضي الله عنه) asked ʿĀ’ishah (i) about the following aya: “Should you fear that you would not be fair to ˹your˺ orphan ˹prospective wives˺, then marry ˹instead˺ whoever you like of women: two, three and four”. (4: 3) She replied: “My nephew! This is regarding an orphaned girl who is under the care of her guardian and shares her money. He then likes her for her beauty and money and intends to marry her but without giving her her full dues or as much as she would normally be given by another suitor. These guardians are prohibited from marrying these orphans without giving them their dues in full, or even matching the maximum customary amount. Else they are enjoined to marry whoever they like of other women instead”. ʿUrwah (رضي الله عنه) adds that ʿĀ’ishah (i) continued: “After that people came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) seeking his counsel ˹yet further˺ regarding this matter, and Allah, Glory be His, revealed: “And they seek your counsel, say ˹Muhammad˺: “Allah decrees to you with their regard and ˹regarding˺ what is recited for you in the Book in ˹the affairs of ˺ orphaned women, to whom you give not what is ordained for them, and you want/want not to marry them”. ˹She carries on:˺ “What Allah meant by what is recited for them in the Book is the previous aya (4: 3) in which He says: “If you fear you will not be fair to ˹your˺ orphan ˹prospective wives˺, then marry ˹instead˺ whoever you like of women”. She adds: “What is said in this current aya, “…and you want to marry them”, is that feeling of aversion ˹yarghab ʿan˺ to marrying an orphaned girl under one’s care if she has no money or beauty, or wanting to ˹yarghab fī˺ marry the one who has beauty and money, and whereby the guardian has to uphold justice ˹to both by securing them their full rights˺”. (Muslim: 3018; al-Bukhārī: 3494)
[1009] Targhabūna (third-person singular masculine verb: yarghab) takes on either one of two particles with oppositional (mutaḍāddah) meanings and, thus, could mean either: yarghab ʿan, feeling averse to something, or yarghab fī, desiring something. As alluded to in ʿUrwah Ibn al-Zubayr’s (رضي الله عنه) hadith above, in the first case, the guardian who feels averse to ˹yarghab ʿan˺ marrying an orphaned girl under his care is warned against holding back the rights that were ‘ordained’ by God for her. These rights include the right to their inheritance, to marry another person for fear of losing control over their money, or to the full amount of their dowry. By comparison, in a scenario that he desires to ˹yarghab fī˺ marry her, he needs to give her the dowry in full. Believers are commanded to uphold justice in all the affairs of orphans. (al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī)
[1010] Who are also to be given their inheritance in full. (al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī)