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Câu: 234

وَٱلَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوۡنَ مِنكُمۡ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزۡوَٰجٗا يَتَرَبَّصۡنَ بِأَنفُسِهِنَّ أَرۡبَعَةَ أَشۡهُرٖ وَعَشۡرٗاۖ فَإِذَا بَلَغۡنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ فِيمَا فَعَلۡنَ فِيٓ أَنفُسِهِنَّ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۗ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ خَبِيرٞ

(234) Those of you who pass away leaving behind wives, let them ˹the widows˺ remain waiting for four months and ten days. When they finish their term^[409], you are not to blame for what they ˹choose to˺ do with themselves, in keeping with what is acceptable^[410]—Allah is Knowledgeable of what you do.

[409] This waiting period is known as ʿiddah. During these four months and ten days the widow is not to remarry. (al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī, al-Shinqīṭī)
[410] A social norm that entails keeping within the dictates of Islam.

Câu: 235

وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ فِيمَا عَرَّضۡتُم بِهِۦ مِنۡ خِطۡبَةِ ٱلنِّسَآءِ أَوۡ أَكۡنَنتُمۡ فِيٓ أَنفُسِكُمۡۚ عَلِمَ ٱللَّهُ أَنَّكُمۡ سَتَذۡكُرُونَهُنَّ وَلَٰكِن لَّا تُوَاعِدُوهُنَّ سِرًّا إِلَّآ أَن تَقُولُواْ قَوۡلٗا مَّعۡرُوفٗاۚ وَلَا تَعۡزِمُواْ عُقۡدَةَ ٱلنِّكَاحِ حَتَّىٰ يَبۡلُغَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبُ أَجَلَهُۥۚ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَعۡلَمُ مَا فِيٓ أَنفُسِكُمۡ فَٱحۡذَرُوهُۚ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٞ

(235) You will not be sinning should you allude to a marriage proposal to women^[411], or that you keep this to yourselves^[412]. Allah knows that you will keep on thinking about them, but do not promise them secretly, unless you say what is acceptable^[413], and do not tie the knot of marriage during the waiting period, ˹but wait˺ until the term has elapsed. Know that Allah knows what you tell yourselves and be cautious of Him—know that Allah is All-Forgiving, All-Forbearing.

[411] The widowed and irrevocably divorced.
[412] Having the intention.
[413] That is, only an implication of marriage is acceptable during the waiting period but not a direct statement of marriage intent.

Câu: 236

لَّا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ إِن طَلَّقۡتُمُ ٱلنِّسَآءَ مَا لَمۡ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ أَوۡ تَفۡرِضُواْ لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةٗۚ وَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ عَلَى ٱلۡمُوسِعِ قَدَرُهُۥ وَعَلَى ٱلۡمُقۡتِرِ قَدَرُهُۥ مَتَٰعَۢا بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۖ حَقًّا عَلَى ٱلۡمُحۡسِنِينَ

(236) You will not be sinning should you divorce women whom you did not touch ˹yet˺ nor committed yourselves to by stating a sum ˹of dowry˺. Bestow on them, the well-off according to his means and the poor according to his means, in keeping with what is ˹socially˺ acceptable^[414]—this is a duty on the well-doers.

[414] By way of consolation, it is a duty on the husband who divorces a woman before marriage is consummated, by getting in bed with her, or before a certain sum of money as dowry has been stated, to give her a present which would, according to social norm, make it up to her. (al-Ṭabarī, al-Wāḥidī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī, al-Shinqīṭī)

Câu: 237

وَإِن طَلَّقۡتُمُوهُنَّ مِن قَبۡلِ أَن تَمَسُّوهُنَّ وَقَدۡ فَرَضۡتُمۡ لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةٗ فَنِصۡفُ مَا فَرَضۡتُمۡ إِلَّآ أَن يَعۡفُونَ أَوۡ يَعۡفُوَاْ ٱلَّذِي بِيَدِهِۦ عُقۡدَةُ ٱلنِّكَاحِۚ وَأَن تَعۡفُوٓاْ أَقۡرَبُ لِلتَّقۡوَىٰۚ وَلَا تَنسَوُاْ ٱلۡفَضۡلَ بَيۡنَكُمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ

(237) If you divorce them before touching them, but you committed yourselves to paying a sum ˹of dowry˺ to them^[415], ˹pay them˺ half of what you committed yourselves to, unless they ˹the wives˺ waive ˹the due sum˺ or in whose hand the marriage knot^[416] is waives ˹it˺. That you should waive is closer to Mindfulness, and do not overlook kindness among yourselves—verily Allah is All-Seeing of what you do.

[415] This is the ruling regarding divorce that takes place before coupling has taken place between the divorcees, but in which the husband has already committed himself to paying a certain amount as a dowry, thus showing his firm intention of marriage. (al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī)
[416] The wife’s representative.