[5] As a reminder for people.
[6] From distortion, alteration, addition, and omission. More than 1400 years have elapsed and not a single word of this Qur’an has been changed, although enemies have tried their utmost.
[9] Causing precipitation in rainclouds or carrying pollen.
[10] Salsāl: clay left to ferment and turn hard so that it clinks when tapped on. Hama’: transformed or blackened clay. Masnūn: the smell of which has turned foul or left for some time.
[11] The jinn: They are the creatures of Allah, who are different from humans. There are some among them who are righteous, while others are wicked. They are not humans or a species of humans.
[12] The spirit which Allah created for that body, not His own Spirit (as some mistakenly believe). Allah attributed it to Himself as a sign of honoring him, as in nāqat Allah (the she-camel of Allah).
[14] He said: “I am better than him; You created me from fire and created him from clay.” See 7:12.
[18] Satan set the record for being the first to use predestination (al-qadar) as a pretext for disobeying Allah’s command (al-’amr).
[29] Details of the first three nations destroyed are given in this and the following verses, which were en route of the famous trading journeys of the Qurayshites: the people of Prophet Lot, those of the thicket (the people of Shu‘ayb), and those of Hegra (Madā’in Sālih).
[31] To be more persistent in their walk and strike some distance before dawn, or not to be frightened and traumatized by catching sight of the horrific punishment of their folks.
[42] This final passage puts things into perspective, addressing the Prophet (ﷺ) - that all people, including those who tormented him, will be justly held accountable for their deeds, and asking him to overlook their taunts and not censure them for it.
[44] Azwāj: literally means pairs; here it means those who are alike in prosperity, as not all of them were rich and prosperous. [45] So as to test them therein.
[46] The Prophet (ﷺ) felt sad that they would not believe and save themselves from Hellfire.
[47] The favor of the Qur’an far surpasses all other favors and worldly gains.