[17]. Forgiveness in this verse is described as forgiveness “in which there is no blame or reproach.” It means to forgive with a pure heart — free from resentment or bitterness. True forgiveness toward one’s enemies is to show kindness and restraint toward those who oppose, mistreat, or harm you. It is a call to forgive without conditions, regardless of how others may treat you personally.
However, this mercy does not mean weakness or pacifism.
Islam teaches believers to defend the innocent and to stand firmly for truth and justice — but without hatred or vengeance.
This is why, in later revelations, came the ordainment of Jihād — striving and fighting in God’s cause — not out of aggression, but to uphold righteousness and resist evil.
[18]. That is, the Jews and the Christians, who separated themselves from the true teachings of their Prophets. They believed in some parts of their Scriptures while rejecting others, and even altered portions of the revelation to suit their desires.
As a result, they divided into numerous sects and factions, each claiming to follow divine truth while straying from its essence.
This verse, therefore, condemns the act of fragmenting divine guidance — accepting only what pleases one’s inclinations and neglecting or distorting the rest. It serves as a warning to all communities not to split the message of God into convenient pieces, but to uphold it in full integrity and unity.