[21]. Followed the messengers of God that were sent to them.
[22]. That is, His drawing them on by degrees, through graces, and then seizing them suddenly with His Mighty Power.
[23]. History repeats itself: whenever truth is rejected through pride or defiance, hearts are sealed and nations perish. The stories of Noah, ʿĀd, Thamūd, Lūṭ, and Midian are timeless reminders from Allāh — calling us to reflect, repent, and return to sincere faith.