[35]. The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
“The gravest of all sins are:
(1) Associating partners with Allāh,
(2) Unjustly taking a human life,
(3) Disobedience to one’s parents, and
(4) Bearing false testimony.”
[36]. That is, armed individuals or groups who commit violent crimes against civilians or wage rebellion against public order.
[37] .This verse outlines the prescribed penalties for acts such as highway robbery, armed banditry, and organized violence that endanger society.
[38]. I.e., seek all lawful means that lead to Allāh’s pleasure and closeness—through faith, worship, and good deeds done sincerely for His sake.